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Related Concept Videos

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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
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Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum01:39

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The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells is a substantial network of interconnected membranes with diverse functions, from calcium storage to biomolecule synthesis. A primary component of the endomembrane system, the ER manufactures phospholipids critical for membrane function throughout the cell. Additionally, the two distinct regions of the ER specialize in the manufacture of specific lipids and proteins.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Yeast Luminometric and Xenopus Oocyte Electrophysiological Examinations of the Molecular Mechanosensitivity of TRPV4
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The Endoplasmic Reticulum-Located TRPV1 Channel Is Not Thermal Sensitive.

Elena O Petukhova1,2, Dmitry I Maltsev1,2,3, Daria Y Pechinko1,2

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Heat-evoked calcium responses mediated by the capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) depend on extracellular calcium. This suggests distinct TRPV1 pools in the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane sense different signals.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1), or capsaicin receptor, is crucial for detecting heat, maintaining thermal homeostasis, and mediating inflammation.
  • TRPV1 functions as a nonselective cation channel, triggering calcium influx and depolarization upon activation.
  • A significant portion of TRPV1 is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where its activation releases calcium, but its role in heat-evoked cytosolic calcium elevation is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum-located TRPV1 in heat-evoked cytosolic calcium elevation.
  • To determine if different TRPV1 pools exhibit differential sensitivity to heat and ligand activation.

Main Methods:

  • Human TRPV1 was heterologously expressed in HEK293TN cells.
  • Calcium changes were recorded in response to heat and capsaicin stimulation.
  • Experiments were conducted with and without extracellular calcium to differentiate calcium sources.

Main Results:

  • Heat-evoked calcium responses in hTRPV1-expressing cells were abolished when extracellular calcium was removed.
  • Capsaicin still induced intracellular calcium elevation even without extracellular calcium.
  • Restoring extracellular calcium recovered heat-evoked calcium responses.

Conclusions:

  • Heat-evoked TRPV1 activation primarily relies on extracellular calcium influx, suggesting a plasma membrane pool is involved.
  • Ligand-dependent TRPV1 activation (e.g., by capsaicin) can utilize intracellular calcium stores (ER).
  • These findings support the hypothesis of functionally distinct TRPV1 pools with differential sensitivities to various stimuli, potentially elucidating the structural basis of temperature-dependent gating.