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Acute aortic syndrome: What do you need to know?
S Pereiro Pérez1, S Lojo-Lendoiro1, M Pérez Costas1
1Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
Radiologia
|July 17, 2025
Summary
Acute aortic syndrome, a group of aortic wall pathologies, presents with sudden chest pain. Computed tomography is vital for rapid diagnosis and guiding treatment of these critical conditions.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Radiology
- Vascular Surgery
Background:
- Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) is a life-threatening condition involving the aorta.
- It includes aortic dissection, intramural hematoma, and penetrating aortic ulcers.
- These conditions share symptoms like sudden thoracic-abdominal pain, making differentiation difficult.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the primary conditions comprising AAS.
- To discuss their etiologies, pathophysiology, and radiological findings.
- To highlight the role of imaging in diagnosis and management.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on acute aortic syndrome.
- Analysis of diagnostic imaging modalities, particularly computed tomography.
- Correlation of radiological findings with clinical presentation and pathology.
Main Results:
- AAS encompasses diverse aortic pathologies with overlapping clinical presentations.
- Computed tomography (CT) is essential for accurate and rapid diagnosis of AAS.
- CT imaging identifies the specific type, location, and extent of aortic wall abnormalities.
Conclusions:
- Early and accurate diagnosis of AAS is critical for timely intervention.
- Computed tomography is the cornerstone imaging modality for evaluating AAS.
- Understanding radiological features aids in differentiating AAS subtypes and guiding therapeutic strategies.
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