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Filtration

Filtration

Filtration is a physical separation process that involves passing a suspension through a porous medium to separate solids from fluids. During filtration, solids collect on the porous medium while liquids, also collectively known as the filtrate, pass through. The filtration medium is selected based on the filtration purpose, quantity, and nature of the precipitate. The general criteria for a suitable filtering medium are that it is inert, mechanically strong, nonabsorbent toward dissolved...

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Air Filter Devices Including Nonwoven Meshes of Electrospun Recombinant Spider Silk Proteins

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Sustainable biomass-based filter for high-efficiency PM_0.3 filtration.

Qingxiang Wang¹, Zhaoxuan Niu^1,2, Wanli Cheng³

¹Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.

Nature Communications

|July 17, 2025

Summary

Researchers developed a sustainable corn-based air filter from agricultural waste. This novel material offers high filtration efficiency for fine particles and low pressure drop, presenting an eco-friendly alternative to petroleum-based filters.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Environmental Science
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Biomass utilization is key for a sustainable society.
Agricultural waste presents an underutilized resource for material development.
Petroleum-based filters contribute to environmental pollution.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a sustainable, high-performance air filter from corn-based biomass.
To utilize agricultural waste (corn straw) as a precursor.
To create an eco-friendly alternative to conventional filters.

Main Methods:

A heterogeneous precursor strategy using zein and cellulose from corn.
Tailoring relative humidity and incorporating cellulose to induce phase separation.
Fabrication of a dual-network structure with microfibers and nanofibers.

Main Results:

Achieved high filtration efficiency (>99.99% PM0.3 removal).
Demonstrated a low pressure drop (45 Pa).
Life cycle assessment showed lower carbon emissions compared to petroleum-based filters.

Conclusions:

The corn-based filter offers a sustainable and disposable filtration solution.
This approach transforms agricultural waste into valuable functional materials.
Provides a promising pathway for green filtration technologies.