Optimal planning of integrated nuclear-hybrid renewable energy systems for electrical distribution networks based on...

In recent years, small-scale nuclear power plants, particularly micro nuclear reactors, have emerged as viable alternatives, gaining importance in the technical and economic operation of electrical distribution systems. As consumer demand for electricity continues to rise, the use of renewable energy sources and nuclear energy has become essential, especially as dependence on conventional energy sources grows increasingly unsustainable from an environmental standpoint. In this study, mathematical models for various Hybrid Energy Systems (HES) are developed using both single and multi-objective functions. Active Power Loss (APL) is selected as the first single-objective fitness function, while the total Net Present Cost (NPC) serves as the second. These two objectives are also considered together in a multi-objective optimization framework. The White Shark Optimizer is employed to determine the optimal configuration that achieves an improved voltage profile, reduces power losses, and minimizes both cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The proposed modeling and simulations are conducted using MATLAB software, and the optimization methodology is applied to three types of HES on two standard radial distribution networks; the IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 69-bus systems. The three HES configurations analyzed are; Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy System (N-R HES), Stand-alone Fossil Fuel-based Thermal Generators (FFTGs), and Renewable-Fossil Fuel Hybrid Energy System. Among the three, the N-R HES demonstrates the most favorable between system performance, cost efficiency, and environmental impact. Results and analysis prove that N-R HES is the most effective solution for sustainable energy generation and decarbonization, offering the lowest NPC and APL.