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Temperature Below 30 mK Achieved by Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigeration.

Qiao-Fei Xu¹, Xin-Yang Liu², Ruo-Tong Wu¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|July 17, 2025

Summary

Adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration (ADR) using KYb3F10 achieves ultralow temperatures below 50 mK. This new refrigerant offers significantly higher magnetic entropy change than commercial options, overcoming a key design challenge.

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Area of Science:

Cryogenics
Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science

Background:

Adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration (ADR) is essential for ultralow-temperature research, but progress is limited by refrigerant performance.
Existing refrigerants struggle to achieve both large magnetic entropy change (-ΔSm) and low ordering temperatures (T0).

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel magnetic refrigerant overcoming the -ΔSm and T0 limitations in ADR.
To demonstrate a material capable of reaching ultralow temperatures efficiently.

Main Methods:

Incorporating weak magnetic exchange and dipolar interactions into the frustrated magnet KYb3F10.
Characterizing magnetic properties and performing ADR testing.

Main Results:

KYb3F10 exhibits a large -ΔSm, exceeding commercial refrigerants by up to 219%.
The material demonstrates a low ordering temperature (T0) below 50 mK.
Practical ADR tests achieved a minimum temperature of 27.2 mK.

Conclusions:

KYb3F10 is a high-performance refrigerant for ultralow-temperature ADR.
This work resolves the long-standing challenge of designing magnetic refrigerants with large -ΔSm and low T0.