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All-cause and cause-specific mortality attributable to educational inequalities in Spain
Sergi Trias-Llimós1, Tim Riffe2,3,4,5, Unai Martín2,3,6
1Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics, Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA), Bellaterra, Spain. strias@ced.uab.cat.
BMC Public Health
|July 17, 2025
Summary
Educational inequality significantly impacts mortality in Spain, causing nearly 20% of deaths. Interventions targeting social determinants are crucial for reducing these preventable deaths, especially among younger populations.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Social Determinants of Health
Background:
- Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality provide critical data for public health policies.
- Assessing educational disparities in cause-specific mortality is essential for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the extent of educational inequalities in cause-specific mortality in Spain from 2016 to 2021.
- To quantify the impact of educational disparities on all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
Main Methods:
- Utilized mortality register and population data for Spain (ages 35-99) from 2016-2021.
- Analyzed data on age, sex, educational attainment, and causes of death.
- Estimated mortality attributable to educational inequality using high education as a benchmark.
Main Results:
- An estimated 82,815 annual deaths (19.5% of total) were attributable to educational inequality.
- The proportion of deaths attributable to educational inequality was higher at younger ages (50% for males aged 35-39).
- Circulatory diseases and neoplasms were leading causes of death linked to educational disparities, with significant years of life lost.
Conclusions:
- Educational inequality poses a substantial public health challenge, with a greater impact on mortality than smoking.
- Public health strategies addressing gender-specific social determinants of health inequalities can significantly reduce mortality.
- Targeted interventions are needed to mitigate the impact of educational disparities on cause-specific mortality.
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