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Use of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation to Assess the Origin of Myelodysplastic Syndrome
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Biomarkers of progressive multiple sclerosis decrease following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Ida Erngren1, Katarina Lundblad2, Ivan Pavlovic2

  • 1Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

Journal of Neuroinflammation
|July 17, 2025
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Summary

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) significantly reduced biomarkers associated with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). This suggests AHSCT may delay or prevent the progression of MS in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).

Keywords:
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantationBiomarkerCSFGDF-15Gal-9Multiple sclerosisYKL-40

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Stem Cell Transplantation
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is an emerging treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).
  • Evidence suggests AHSCT may alter MS progression, potentially delaying or preventing the onset of progressive forms of the disease.
  • This study investigates the impact of AHSCT on specific cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers associated with MS progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of AHSCT on CSF levels of Galectin-9, GDF-15, and YKL-40 in RRMS patients.
  • To determine if these biomarkers, indicative of progressive MS, are altered by AHSCT treatment.
  • To assess the potential of AHSCT in modifying the disease course of MS.

Main Methods:

  • CSF samples were collected from 45 RRMS patients before and after AHSCT (at 1 and 2 years), alongside samples from 32 healthy controls.
  • Galectin-9 and GDF-15 concentrations were measured using ELISA.
  • YKL-40 levels were quantified using electrochemiluminescence.

Main Results:

  • Baseline CSF levels of Galectin-9, YKL-40, and GDF-15 were elevated in RRMS patients compared to controls.
  • Following AHSCT, all three biomarkers showed significant reductions at the 1-year follow-up.
  • Further decreases in Galectin-9 and YKL-40 were observed at the 2-year follow-up, with levels remaining stable thereafter.

Conclusions:

  • AHSCT treatment is associated with sustained reductions in CSF biomarkers linked to MS progression.
  • These findings suggest AHSCT may offer a therapeutic benefit in delaying or preventing the transition to secondary progressive MS (SPMS).
  • Further research is warranted to confirm these results and understand their long-term clinical implications.