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The episiotomy self-efficacy scale: a scale development study.

Büşra Yolcu1, Zeliha Demir Kaymak2, Zekiye Turan3

  • 1Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey. busrayolcu@sakarya.edu.tr.

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|July 17, 2025
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Summary

A new scale effectively measures midwifery students' self-efficacy in performing episiotomies, enhancing professional competence. This tool aids in identifying skill gaps and improving midwifery education.

Keywords:
EpisiotomyMidwiferyScale developmentSelf-efficacy

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Area of Science:

  • Midwifery Education
  • Healthcare Professional Training
  • Skill Assessment

Background:

  • Self-efficacy is crucial for professional competence, mediating between knowledge and behavior.
  • Episiotomy skills are fundamental for midwives, necessitating robust self-efficacy development.
  • Enhancing self-efficacy in episiotomy is vital for midwifery student training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a measurement tool for assessing midwifery students' self-efficacy in episiotomy application.
  • The scale aims to evaluate cognitive, affective, motivational, and psychomotor aspects of episiotomy self-efficacy.
  • This tool is designed to support targeted educational interventions for midwives.

Main Methods:

  • A methodological study involving second, third, and fourth-year midwifery students.
  • Data collected using a sociodemographic form and a draft episiotomy self-efficacy scale.
  • Statistical analyses included factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, item-total score correlations, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

Main Results:

  • Second-level CFA confirmed a 17-item scale with four sub-dimensions.
  • The scale demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.955) and item reliability.
  • Goodness-of-fit indices (RMSEA=0.079, CFI=0.961) indicated a well-fitting model.

Conclusions:

  • The developed scale is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring episiotomy self-efficacy in midwifery students.
  • The scale can differentiate between students with varying levels of self-efficacy and those who have completed episiotomy courses.
  • Further validation in different linguistic contexts is recommended.