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Multicomponent attract-and-kill system for pest insects attacking cucurbit crops.

Anna Wallingford1,2, Ariela I Haber1, Fathi Halaweish3

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The synthetic aggregation pheromone and host plant cues are vital for managing striped and spotted cucumber beetles using attract-and-kill. Optimized trap designs are crucial for effective pest control, with sticky traps and bait stations outperforming boll weevil traps.

Keywords:
attract-and-killcucurbitacin-E-glycosidespotted cucumber beetlestriped cucumber beetlevittatalactone

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Entomology
  • Pest Management
  • Behavioral Ecology

Background:

  • Attract-and-kill is a pest management strategy using semiochemicals to lure insects for killing or capture.
  • Striped cucumber beetle (Acalymma vittatum) and spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata) are significant agricultural pests.
  • Optimizing semiochemical lures and trap designs is key to enhancing attract-and-kill efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of semiochemical components in an attract-and-kill system for cucumber beetles.
  • To compare different trap and bait station designs for dispatching aggregated pests.
  • To investigate potential vicinity effects of attract-and-kill devices on surrounding plants.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a full factorial field experiment assessing synthetic aggregation pheromone (vittatalactone) and host plant stimuli (watermelon juice, cucurbitacin-E-glycoside).
  • Compared the efficacy of boll weevil traps, sticky traps, and two bait station designs in capturing/killing beetles.
  • Assessed beetle distribution around trap/bait station designs at commercial farms to determine vicinity effects.

Main Results:

  • Both synthetic aggregation pheromone and host plant stimuli were critical for attracting A. vittatum and D. undecimpunctata.
  • Clear sticky traps and bait stations captured/killed significantly more beetles (60-85%) than boll weevil traps.
  • Boll weevil traps showed a negative vicinity effect, attracting more beetles to nearby plants than control areas.

Conclusions:

  • The pilot attract-and-kill system demonstrates promise, with both pheromones and host cues being essential attractants.
  • Bait station and sticky trap designs are more effective for dispatching pests compared to boll weevil traps.
  • Further modifications to attractants, trap design, and strategic placement are needed to improve cost-effectiveness and efficacy.