Exploring Cutting-Edge Strategies for the Management of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Through Drug Repurposing

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal kind of illness, causing the cancer to spread to other regions of the body and eventually resulting in death. The lack of licensed, targeted drugs that can completely eliminate TNBC is a challenge to the present level of therapeutic options. Developing novel uses for already-approved drugs expedites the lengthy and expensive process of creating new ones. Drug repositioning has been made possible by developments in cheminformatics, genomics, and systems biology. Here we provide what is presumably the first thorough taxonomy of approaches to in silico drug repurposing, classifying them into four categories: structure-based, data-mining-based, transcription signature-based, and physiological networksbased. The most relevant studies from preclinical and clinical contexts are highlighted in this review, which focusses on molecular processes and signalling pathways such as adrenergic receptor, androgen receptor, STAT3, nitric oxide (NO) synthase, or AXL. Its main objective is to repurpose existing medications for the treatment of TNBC. We also focus on repurposing and modifying medications that particularly target this cell type in order to combat metastases and recurrence linked to TNBC. The reason for this is that CSCs are very important and may play a major role in tumour aggressiveness and unfavourable clinical outcomes.