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Updated: Sep 15, 2025

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Dynamic interaction between transmission, within-host dynamics and mosquito density.

Mayra Núñez-López1, Jocelyn A Castro-Echeverría2,3, Jorge X Velasco-Hernández2

  • 1Department of Mathematics, ITAM Río Hondo 1, Ciudad de México 01080, México.

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|July 18, 2025
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Summary

This study models vector-transmitted diseases, comparing within-host and between-host dynamics. It reveals how viral load, recovery, and mosquito transmission influence disease outbreaks.

Keywords:
between-host dynamicsdengue transmissionmultiple time scalesreproduction numberwithin-host dynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Immunology
  • Mathematical Modeling

Background:

  • Vector-transmitted diseases involve complex interactions between hosts, vectors, and the environment.
  • Understanding within-host and between-host dynamics is crucial for disease control strategies.
  • Environmental transmission differs from vector-borne transmission, where the vector population acts as the environmental stage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the character and role of within-host and between-host interactions in vector-transmitted diseases.
  • To compare these dynamics with those of environmentally-transmitted diseases.
  • To explore how immunological factors and vector abundance influence disease transmission and outbreak dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a coupled epidemiological and immunological model for vector-transmitted diseases.
  • Modeled the host-to-vector transmission rate as a function of within-host infected cell levels.
  • Incorporated a virus inoculation term dependent on infected mosquito abundance.

Main Results:

  • Disease outbreaks necessitate active within-host viral infections.
  • Outbreak characteristics (nature, duration, dynamics) are shaped by within-host infection intensity and mosquito transmission capacity.
  • Established inter-relations between infectivity, host recovery, viral clearance, and population-level disease dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Within-host viral dynamics and vector transmission capacity are key determinants of vector-borne disease outbreaks.
  • The model provides insights into the interplay between individual host immunity and population-level disease spread.
  • Mathematical modeling is valuable for understanding complex disease transmission systems.