Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Location and Orientation of the Heart01:13

Location and Orientation of the Heart

4.8K
The human heart, despite its modest size and weight, is an organ of remarkable strength and endurance. Roughly the size of a fist, the heart weighs between 250 and 350 grams and is nestled within the mediastinum, the medial cavity of the thorax. It extends obliquely for about 12 to 14 cm, resting on the superior surface of the diaphragm. The heart is positioned anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum, with two-thirds of its mass lying to the left of the midsternal line.
4.8K
Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

110.6K
The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
110.6K
Overview of the Heart01:07

Overview of the Heart

7.3K
The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles below. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transfers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
The heart's structure...
7.3K
Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume

3.2K
Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac...
3.2K
Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

1.2K
The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart...
1.2K
Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

3.2K
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
3.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ultra-hypofractionated whole breast irradiation in early-stage breast cancer: an Italian multi-centre observational study.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics·2026
Same author

Hypertransaminasemia Is a Marker of Severity in Children Hospitalized for Influenza.

Influenza and other respiratory viruses·2026
Same author

Altered global longitudinal strain is a common finding in liver transplant recipients with mild cardiometabolic burden.

Internal and emergency medicine·2026
Same author

Clinical Features and Predictors of Severity in Children Hospitalized With Human Metapneumovirus: A Multicenter Italian Study.

The Pediatric infectious disease journal·2026
Same author

ChatGPT's Limitations in Athlete ECG Interpretation: Evidence from a Multicenter Diagnostic Study.

Journal of cardiovascular development and disease·2026
Same author

Worldwide Survey on Interventional Pulmonology Training Programs.

Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Neonatal Cardiac Diagnostics with Echocardiography-Derived Blood Speckle Imaging
07:13

Author Spotlight: Advancing Neonatal Cardiac Diagnostics with Echocardiography-Derived Blood Speckle Imaging

Published on: December 22, 2023

1.5K

Insight the athlete's heart: role of vortex analysis.

Marco Corsi1, Edoardo Falconi1, Roberto Palazzo1

  • 1Sports Medicine Center, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness
|July 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Vortex analysis reveals enhanced energy dynamics in the athlete's heart, complementing traditional assessments of myocardial remodeling. This advanced echocardiography technique offers new insights into training adaptations.

More Related Videos

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery
04:48

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery

Published on: November 28, 2018

8.0K
Optocardiography and Electrophysiology Studies of Ex Vivo Langendorff-perfused Hearts
09:52

Optocardiography and Electrophysiology Studies of Ex Vivo Langendorff-perfused Hearts

Published on: November 7, 2019

13.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Neonatal Cardiac Diagnostics with Echocardiography-Derived Blood Speckle Imaging
07:13

Author Spotlight: Advancing Neonatal Cardiac Diagnostics with Echocardiography-Derived Blood Speckle Imaging

Published on: December 22, 2023

1.5K
Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery
04:48

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery

Published on: November 28, 2018

8.0K
Optocardiography and Electrophysiology Studies of Ex Vivo Langendorff-perfused Hearts
09:52

Optocardiography and Electrophysiology Studies of Ex Vivo Langendorff-perfused Hearts

Published on: November 7, 2019

13.2K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sports Medicine
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Athlete's heart is characterized by myocardial remodeling, with eccentric and concentric patterns.
  • Echocardiography is increasingly focused on left ventricular (LV) vorticity flow dynamics, linked to diastolic function.
  • The study investigates the added value of vortex analysis in characterizing the athlete's heart.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the contribution of vortex analysis in characterizing the athlete's heart.
  • To compare vortex parameters between highly trained athletes, active non-athletes, and normal subjects.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 2D standard and deformation echocardiography with dedicated vortex analysis software.
  • Measured geometrical and dynamic vortex parameters (e.g., energy dissipation, vorticity fluctuation).
  • Compared data from 23 triathletes, 26 active non-athletes, and 23 normal subjects.

Main Results:

  • Triathletes exhibited significantly higher indexed LV mass and apical twist, indicating supernormal reserve.
  • Diastolic function was normal in all groups.
  • Vortex energetic parameters (energy dissipation, vorticity fluctuation, kinetic energy fluctuation) were significantly elevated in triathletes, despite normal geometrical vortex data.

Conclusions:

  • Vortex analysis provides complementary information to morphological remodeling in the athlete's heart.
  • This technique may help define the effects of training intensity and energy expenditure.
  • Future research will explore vortex modifications across different sports disciplines.