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Humanistic Psychology01:24

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Humanistic psychology emerged in the mid-20th century as a response to the deterministic and pessimistic nature of behaviorism and psychoanalysis. While behaviorism focused on observable behaviors influenced by the environment and psychoanalysis delved into unconscious motivations, both theories suggested that human actions lacked free will. In contrast, humanistic psychology offers a perspective that emphasizes the innate potential for goodness and growth within every individual.
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Humanistic therapies emphasize personal growth, self-understanding, and the fulfillment of human potential. Rooted in the belief that individuals inherently strive toward self-actualization, these approaches encourage clients to explore their feelings and experiences in a supportive, nonjudgmental environment. Humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic approaches by focusing on conscious experiences, present circumstances, and the potential for self-improvement rather than past conflicts...
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Physioethology: a post-humanist perspective on physiotherapy.

Matthew Low1,2,3,4, Fiona H Moffatt1, Roger Kerry1

  • 1School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.

Physiotherapy Theory and Practice
|July 18, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study suggests physiotherapy reorient its practice using Deleuze and Guattari's ethology. This approach emphasizes dynamic bodily capacities for better ecological and planetary health responses.

Keywords:
Deleuze and guattariphysioethologyphysiotherapypost-humanismtheory

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Area of Science:

  • Philosophy of Science
  • Ecological Health
  • Physiotherapy Practice

Background:

  • Physiotherapy faces challenges adapting to the current planetary crisis.
  • Existing physiotherapy models are often anthropocentric and essentialist, limiting ecological responsiveness.
  • A philosophical reorientation is needed to address complex ecological entanglements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a reorientation of physiotherapy using Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari's concept of ethology.
  • To explore how ethology can help understand bodies as dynamic assemblages rather than stable entities.
  • To consider the implications for physiotherapy practice, education, and planetary health.

Main Methods:

  • Applying Deleuze and Guattari's philosophical concepts, particularly ethology.
  • Analyzing contemporary physiotherapy assumptions (anthropocentric, essentialist, representational).
  • Examining the concept of bodies as dynamic assemblages defined by their capacities (affects, relations, immanence).

Main Results:

  • Contemporary physiotherapy's limitations in responding to ecological crises are identified.
  • An ethological approach reframes bodies as dynamic assemblages, emphasizing "what they can do".
  • This perspective offers a new framework for understanding human and non-human bodies in relation.

Conclusions:

  • Physiotherapy should shift from traditional praxis to a dynamic composition of capacities.
  • An ethologically informed approach can foster an ecologically attuned and affectively sensitive practice.
  • This reorientation is crucial for physiotherapy to effectively engage with planetary health challenges.