Tongue Rhabdomyosarcoma in Adults: A Case-Based Review

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Head and Neck Surgery

Background:

• Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the tongue in adults is an exceptionally rare and aggressive malignancy.
• Limited data exist due to its rarity, primarily from case reports and small retrospective studies.

Observation:

• A case of a high-grade RMS in an adult tongue is presented, initially presenting as a rapidly enlarging mass.
• The patient experienced progressive symptoms including dysphagia and speech disturbances.
• Imaging revealed a large tumor at the base of the tongue.

Findings:

• Histopathological confirmation and immunohistochemical markers were essential for diagnosis.
• The patient underwent surgical resection, followed by a second surgery and radiation therapy due to recurrence.
• At 12-month follow-up, the patient was disease-free.

Implications:

• A literature review identified 12 previously reported cases, showing varied treatment approaches.
• Multimodal treatment strategies combining surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are necessary for improved survival.
• Early diagnosis and regular follow-up are critical for managing recurrence and optimizing outcomes in adult tongue RMS.