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Game-based learning in orthopaedics: A comprehensive review.

Marvin Man Ting Chung¹, Felix Leung¹, Janus Siu Him Wong¹

¹Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, 5/F Professorial Block, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma

|July 18, 2025

Summary

Game-based learning (GBL) enhances orthopaedic education by integrating gamified knowledge review, surgical task training, and virtual/augmented reality simulations. While offering benefits like improved skills and engagement, challenges like cost and further research into long-term outcomes remain.

Keywords:

Gamification Medical education Orthopedics Simulation training

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Area of Science:

Medical Education
Orthopaedic Surgery
Educational Technology

Background:

Game-based learning (GBL) is increasingly recognized as a valuable tool in medical education.
Orthopaedic training requires mastery of complex knowledge and technical skills, making it suitable for innovative educational approaches.
Traditional training methods may have limitations in providing consistent, safe, and engaging learning experiences.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current modalities of game-based learning in orthopaedic training.
To discuss the benefits, limitations, and future directions of GBL in orthopaedics.
To assess the potential of GBL as an adjunct to traditional orthopaedic education.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of GBL applications in orthopaedic education.
Categorization of GBL modalities: gamified knowledge review, surgical task gamification, simulation-based games, and VR/AR games.
Analysis of reported benefits, limitations, and future technological integrations.

Main Results:

GBL modalities include gamified assessments, surgical task practice (e.g., escape rooms), simulation games, and immersive VR/AR environments.
Significant benefits observed: improved psychomotor skills, cognitive engagement, and trainee motivation.
Identified limitations: high costs, technical hurdles, potential ceiling effect, and need for more research on skill retention and transferability.

Conclusions:

Game-based learning offers significant advantages for orthopaedic education, enhancing engagement and skill acquisition.
Addressing barriers and conducting further research on long-term outcomes is crucial for widespread adoption.
Future GBL in orthopaedics will likely incorporate AI and haptic feedback, becoming a vital component of surgical training frameworks.