Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for advanced HPV-related penile squamous cell carcinoma: a rare case report

Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16)-associated penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) poses considerable therapeutic challenges, especially in its advanced stages. Although surgery continues to be the cornerstone of treatment, immunotherapeutic approaches hold a promising alternative for patients unable to endure conventional chemotherapy.

A 69-year-old male presented with progressive ulceration of the foreskin over the course of one year, which ultimately extended to the glans, accompanied by inguinal lymph node metastasis. The patient underwent surgical resection, including bilateral inguinal lymph node dissection. Histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of HPV-16-related PSCC with concomitant PD-L1 expression. Given the patient's poor tolerance to chemotherapy, he was treated with four cycles of the PD-1 inhibitor tislelizumab, resulting in a partial response.

This case underscores the promising potential of immunotherapy as a viable alternative treatment for advanced PSCC in patients who are unable to tolerate chemotherapy. The synergistic integration of surgical intervention, immunotherapy, and psychological support is essential to achieving the best possible outcomes for patients.