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Updated: Sep 15, 2025

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Enhancing EEG Components in Adolescents With ADHD Using Transcranial Electrical Stimulation: A Randomized-active

Moslem Kord1, Jalil Fath-Abadi2, Shahriar Gharibzadeh3

  • 1Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
|July 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), combined with working memory training, shows promise for improving attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in adolescents. The tDCS group exhibited the most significant changes in brain wave activity.

Keywords:
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)Electroencephalography (EEG)Transcranial electrical Stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with neuropsychological and cognitive deficits.
  • Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) modalities, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), have demonstrated potential in ameliorating these deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of various tES modes when combined with working memory training in children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD.
  • To compare the effects of tDCS, tRNS, and a sham control on cognitive function and brain activity in ADHD patients.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 45 adolescents (13-17 years old) with ADHD were randomly assigned to receive five sessions of either tDCS, tRNS, or sham stimulation targeting prefrontal areas (F3, F4).
  • All groups underwent dual n-back training as a working memory intervention.
  • Cognitive function was assessed using Wechsler's digit span subtest, and brain activity was measured via resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) before and after the intervention period.

Main Results:

  • Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in EEG channel activity between the groups (P=0.05).
  • The tDCS group demonstrated the most substantial changes in absolute power of theta, delta, and alpha brain waves, particularly in frontal and occipital regions, compared to the tRNS and sham groups.
  • While not explicitly detailed, cognitive improvements were implied through the EEG changes.

Conclusions:

  • Transcranial electrical stimulation applied to the prefrontal area can induce measurable cortical changes in adolescents with ADHD.
  • These findings suggest that tES, particularly tDCS, can be a valuable adjunctive therapy when combined with other interventions for managing ADHD.