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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation01:13

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The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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Structural Balance of Resting-state Brain Network in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Ruzbeh Fakhari1, Alireza Moradi2, Reza Ebrahimpour3

  • 1Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, Tehran, Iran.

Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
|July 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) brain networks show no significant differences in stability between individuals with ADHD and healthy controls. However, higher ADHD symptom severity correlates with reduced network flexibility.

Keywords:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)Functional brain networkResting-state fMRIStructural balance theory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience
  • Computational Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with altered brain functional network connectivity.
  • The role of negative links (antisynchrony) and network topology in ADHD stability remains under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of dysconnectivity and antisynchrony on brain network stability in ADHD.
  • To compare brain functional organization in ADHD subtypes versus typically developing individuals using structural balance theory.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized structural balance theory to analyze resting-state functional networks.
  • Compared brain functional organization between individuals with ADHD and a healthy control group.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in resting-state network balance-energy were found between ADHD subtypes and healthy controls.
  • A negative correlation was observed between ADHD behavioral measures and balance-energy, indicating less network flexibility with higher symptom severity.

Conclusions:

  • ADHD-related network alterations may be more local and do not significantly impact overall network stability or flexibility.
  • Findings suggest that increased ADHD symptom severity is associated with a less flexible, more balanced brain network state.