Retroperitoneal unicentric hyaline vascular variant of Castleman's disease: a case report

Castleman's disease is a rare, benign lymphoproliferative disorder that can occur in various anatomical sites, including the retroperitoneum. Unicentric Castleman disease (UCD), particularly the hyaline vascular variant, often presents as a solitary mass and can mimic malignancy. We reported a case of a 53-year-old man presenting with urinary hesitancy for 3 months. Imaging studies identified a well-defined, hypervascular retroperitoneal mass located anterior to the abdominal aorta and posterior to the pancreas. Endoscopic ultrasound with biopsy was performed, but the results were inconclusive and did not provide the necessary clarity for a definitive diagnosis. Surgical excision was performed, and histopathological examination confirmed a hyaline vascular variant of UCD. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of retroperitoneal UCD and under-scores the essential role of histopathology in distinguishing it from malignancy. Complete surgical resection is curative, and early recognition can prevent unnecessary delays in management.