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MOS Capacitor

MOS Capacitor

A Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) capacitor is a fundamental structure used extensively in semiconductor device technology, particularly in the fabrication of integrated circuits and MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors). The MOS capacitor consists of three layers: a metal gate, a dielectric oxide, and a semiconductor substrate.
The metal gate is typically made from highly conductive materials such as aluminum or polysilicon. Beneath the metal gate lies a thin layer of...

Capacitor With A Dielectric

Capacitor With A Dielectric

Parallel plate capacitors consist of two conducting plates separated by a certain distance. However, it is mechanically difficult to hold the large plates parallel to each other without actual contact. Hence, a dielectric layer is commonly placed between the plates, which provides an easy solution for holding the plates together with a small gap and increases the capacitance of the capacitor.
Dielectrics are non-conducting materials with no free or loosely bound electrons. When a dielectric is...

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.

Equivalent Capacitance

Equivalent Capacitance

Multiple capacitors can be connected in a circuit in series or parallel configuration. When the capacitor combination is connected to a battery, the potential drop across each capacitor and the magnitude of charge stored in the individual capacitor depends on the type of the connection. The capacitor combination is replaced by a single equivalent capacitor that stores the same amount of charge as the combination for a given potential difference.
The following strategies are adopted to calculate...

Energy Stored in a Capacitor: Problem Solving

Energy Stored in a Capacitor: Problem Solving

In 1749, Benjamin Franklin coined the word battery for a series of capacitors connected to store energy. Capacitors store electric potential energy that can be released over a short time. This property means capacitors have a wide range of applications.
Capacitor-discharge ignition is a type of ignition system commonly found in small engines where the energy released from a capacitor ignites an induction coil that, in turn, fires the spark plug.
To calculate the energy stored in a capacitor of...

Energy Stored in Capacitors

Energy Stored in Capacitors

A parallel plate capacitor, when connected to a battery, develops a potential difference across its plates. This potential difference is key to the operation of the capacitor, as it determines how much electrical energy the capacitor can store.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System

Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System

Published on: January 7, 2022

Tailoring the Heterostructure Interfaces of Solid-State Supercapacitors for High-Power Density.

Zhihao Wang¹, Congming Li^1,2, Zhangjian Li³

¹Micro-/Nano-Technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|July 18, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a novel interface engineering strategy for solid-state supercapacitors (SSCs). The improved design enhances ion transport and power density, achieving performance comparable to liquid electrolyte devices with superior safety and scalability.

Keywords:

3D microstructures high power impact‐resistant roll‐to‐roll solid‐state supercapacitors

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Last Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System

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Published on: January 7, 2022

Synthesizing a Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Supercapacitors, Assembling a Supercapacitor Using a Coin Cell, and Measuring Gel Electrolyte Performance

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Elaborate Control of Inkjet Printer for Fabrication of Chip-based Supercapacitors

Elaborate Control of Inkjet Printer for Fabrication of Chip-based Supercapacitors

Published on: November 30, 2021

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Energy Storage

Background:

Solid-state supercapacitors (SSCs) offer enhanced safety and flexibility over liquid electrolyte counterparts.
However, lower power densities in SSCs are attributed to suboptimal interfaces between gel electrolytes, electrodes, and current collectors.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a strategy for tailoring heterostructure interfaces in SSCs to improve power density and performance.
To demonstrate the potential for scalable manufacturing of advanced SSCs.

Main Methods:

One-step microimprinting of current collectors and electrode films to create unified films with dual 3D microstructures.
Fabrication of SSCs using activated carbon and gel electrolytes.
Roll-to-roll processing for large-scale electrode film production.

Main Results:

SSCs retained 81% capacitance at 30 A g^-1, matching liquid electrolyte performance.
Pouch SSCs achieved a high power density of 12.8 kW kg^-1.
Cylindrical SSCs demonstrated exceptional safety, withstanding 67 GPa impact pressure.
A 5 m electrode film was fabricated in 2 minutes via roll-to-roll processing.

Conclusions:

The proposed interface engineering strategy significantly enhances SSC performance, particularly power density and safety.
The developed roll-to-roll process enables highly scalable manufacturing for advanced energy storage solutions.