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Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Clinical & Multimodality Imaging Assessment
Izhan Hamza1, Esosa Odigie-Okon2, Tianrong Xie2
1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) diagnosis and management rely on multimodality imaging. Advanced techniques like cardiac MRI improve risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in ApHCM patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) is a specific form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
- It is characterized by thickening of the left ventricular apex, presenting diagnostic and management challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of multimodality imaging in diagnosing and managing ApHCM.
- To highlight the importance of advanced imaging for risk stratification and patient care.
Main Methods:
- Review of transthoracic echocardiography, contrast-enhanced echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).
- Discussion of cardiac computed tomography and nuclear perfusion imaging as adjuncts.
- Emphasis on CMR's role as the gold standard for evaluating apical hypertrophy and fibrosis.
Main Results:
- Echocardiography is first-line but has limitations in apical visualization; contrast enhancement improves accuracy.
- CMR offers superior resolution for assessing apical thickness, aneurysms, and myocardial fibrosis (LGE).
- CMR markers like LGE burden and aneurysm size aid in sudden cardiac death risk stratification.
Conclusions:
- Multimodality imaging is crucial for ApHCM diagnosis, risk assessment, and management.
- Future research should refine risk prediction tools for personalized ApHCM care.
- Optimizing imaging strategies can improve clinical outcomes in ApHCM.
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