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State-of-the-Art Review: Anal Cancer Screening in People With HIV.

Hayden S Andrews1,2, Meena Murthy3, Benjamin T Davis3

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Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|July 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

New guidelines recommend anal cancer screening for individuals with HIV. However, careful consideration of effectiveness, potential harms, and equitable access is crucial for successful implementation.

Keywords:
HIVHPVanal canceranal dysplasiascreening

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Anal cancer disproportionately affects people with HIV.
  • Recent data and clinical guidelines advocate for anal cancer screening in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the need for careful consideration of anal cancer screening implementation in people with HIV.
  • To identify key questions regarding effectiveness, harms, and equity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of new data and clinical guidelines.
  • Analysis of implementation challenges.

Main Results:

  • Support exists for anal cancer screening in people with HIV.
  • Significant questions remain regarding effectiveness, harms, and equitable deployment.

Conclusions:

  • Implementation of anal cancer screening requires addressing critical questions.
  • Further research and planning are needed for effective and equitable screening programs.