A Qualitative Exploration of Self-Harm Among Autistic Women

Area of Science:

• Neurodevelopmental disorders
• Psychology
• Autism Spectrum Disorder Research

Background:

• Autistic females exhibit higher self-harm rates compared to non-autistic individuals.
• Autism-related cognitive, affective, and sensory differences contribute to vulnerability.
• Limited exploration of social/environmental contexts in autistic female self-harm.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the lived experiences of self-harm in autistic women.
• To understand the interplay of autism traits and environmental factors in self-harm.
• To identify needs for improved support and interventions for autistic females.

Main Methods:

• Semi-structured interviews with eleven autistic women.
• Reflexive thematic analysis of transcribed interview data.
• Qualitative research design to explore subjective experiences.

Main Results:

• Self-harm functions as a coping mechanism for emotional regulation (affective states).
• Societal and interpersonal challenges in a neurotypical world influence self-harm behaviors.
• Self-harm patterns evolve across different life stages.

Conclusions:

• Self-harm in autistic women arises from autism-specific factors and external pressures.
• Delayed diagnosis, burnout, and victimization contribute to self-harm for regulation and self-punishment.
• Misdiagnosis and misunderstanding of autistic distress exacerbate risks; interventions need adaptation.