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Redox buffering and H2O2 orchestrate the vegetative development of Marchantia polymorpha
Cilian Kock1, Judith Helmig1, Nora Gutsche1
1Division of Botany, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.
The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology
|July 18, 2025
Summary
Redox homeostasis, involving glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), is vital for liverwort development. A redox gradient in meristems, not absolute levels, and controlled H₂O₂ signaling regulate growth and differentiation.
Area of Science:
- Plant Biology
- Redox Biology
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Redox processes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling are crucial in plant stress responses and development.
- Mechanisms of redox homeostasis in non-vascular plant meristems are poorly understood.
- Marchantia polymorpha offers a model system to study fundamental plant developmental processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To demonstrate the applicability of redox biosensors (roGFP2-hGrx1, HyPer7) for dynamic imaging of glutathione (GSH) and H₂O₂ redox states in Marchantia polymorpha.
- To investigate the role of redox homeostasis in regulating meristematic growth and differentiation in liverworts.
- To understand the contribution of H₂O₂ signaling in balancing cell proliferation and differentiation.
Main Methods:
- Utilized roGFP2-hGrx1 and HyPer7 redox biosensors for live imaging of GSH and H₂O₂ dynamics.
- Analyzed knockdown plants of GAMMA GLUTAMYLCYSTEINE SYNTHETASE (MpGSH1).
- Applied external H₂O₂ and CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-related peptide (MpCLE2p) to assess growth responses.
Main Results:
- A more reduced GSH redox potential (EGSH) was observed in the meristematic region compared to differentiated tissues.
- Maintenance of a GSH redox gradient, rather than absolute values, is critical for vegetative development.
- Heterogeneous H₂O₂ accumulation was detected, with lower levels in the meristematic region and higher levels in differentiated tissues. A small zone of higher sensor oxidation was localized in the meristem center.
- External H₂O₂ exhibited dose-dependent effects on growth, and MpCLE2p-induced overproliferation increased meristematic H₂O₂ levels.
Conclusions:
- Redox homeostasis, particularly the GSH redox gradient, is essential for proper vegetative development in Marchantia polymorpha.
- Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) acts as a signaling molecule regulating cell proliferation and differentiation in the meristem.
- Comparative redox sensor studies across plant lineages can elucidate the evolution of developmental regulation.
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