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Modelling secondary waste composition using optimization and machine learning techniques: Case of the Czech Republic
Radovan Šomplák1, Jaroslav Pluskal1
1Institute of Process Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic.
Accurately assessing secondary waste composition is crucial for circular economy goals. This study uses machine learning and optimization to analyze waste streams, revealing significant plastic waste in landfills with energy recovery potential.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Waste Management
- Circular Economy
Background:
- Effective waste management is key to the circular economy.
- Secondary waste from pre-treatment processes complicates accurate waste stream evaluation.
- Measurable indicators are needed to monitor progress in waste management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate the composition of secondary waste using machine learning and optimization.
- To develop refined waste management indicators for improved monitoring.
- To identify potential for material and energy recovery from secondary waste.
Main Methods:
- Utilized machine learning (linear/Bayesian linear regression) for large dataset analysis.
- Developed an optimization model for data reconciliation, ensuring mass balance preservation.
- Applied the model to a case study in the Czech Republic for waste composition analysis.
Main Results:
- Identified a 3% reduction in material recovery of municipal waste due to energy recovery or landfilling of secondary waste.
- Determined that mixed secondary waste contains 46% plastic, with only 20% effectively recycled.
- Highlighted significant landfilling of plastic waste, indicating potential for energy recovery.
Conclusions:
- Refined waste management indicators and recovery potential assessments can improve technology and regional focus.
- Accurate secondary waste composition analysis is vital for advancing circular economy objectives.
- The proposed machine learning and optimization approach provides valuable insights into complex waste streams.
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