Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

29.7K
The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
29.7K
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

550
Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
550
Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

13.1K
Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
13.1K
Transcellular Transport of Solutes01:23

Transcellular Transport of Solutes

3.9K
Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
3.9K
ABC Transporters: Importer01:27

ABC Transporters: Importer

2.9K
ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
In bacteria, based on the number of transmembrane helices and the chemical nature of their substrates, the ABC importers can be divided into three types:
2.9K
Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

11.0K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
11.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Differential and compensatory roles for type I phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate-5-kinase isoforms in retinal function and health.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same author

Conformational cycling of the Wntless transporter drives trafficking and secretion of Wnt morphogens.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Structures of Cas9-Bound Double-Stranded DNA Mini-Circle Reveal Impacts of DNA Shape on Cas9 Target Interrogation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

HPAIV-induced heat shock protein expression in chickens and its potential NF-κB-mediated transcriptional regulation.

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology·2026
Same author

Prevalence and risk factors of latent tuberculosis infection among household contacts of tuberculosis patients: a cross-sectional study.

Frontiers in public health·2026
Same author

Poly(DADMAC) incorporated lipid nanoparticles enhance the delivery of antimicrobial peptides into plant cells.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

A viral ORFeome library for systems-level genetic dissection of host-pathogen interactions.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Co-option of lysosomal machinery shapes the evolution of the intracellular photosymbiosis supporting coral reefs.

Cell·2026
Same journal

LEF1 and niche factors determine T cell stemness across chronic diseases.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Recurrent patterns of TOP1-mediated neuronal genomic damage shared by major neurodegenerative disorders.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Four-dimensional molecular mapping from a spatial snapshot reveals the dynamics of hair follicle organogenesis.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Whole-cell particle-based digital twin simulations from 4D lattice light-sheet microscopy data.

Cell·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Author Spotlight: Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carrier Transporters Using Codon-Optimized Genes
07:10

Author Spotlight: Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carrier Transporters Using Codon-Optimized Genes

Published on: September 29, 2023

3.8K

Structural insights into brain thyroid hormone transport via MCT8 and OATP1C1.

Yunhui Ge1, Tongyi Dou2, Thu Uyen Nguyen1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Cell
|July 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid hormone transporters MCT8 and OATP1C1 are crucial for brain development. New cryo-EM structures reveal their distinct transport mechanisms and how mutations cause neurological disorders like Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome.

Keywords:
AHDSAllan-Herndon-Dudley syndromeMCT8OATP1C1SLC transportersT3T4blood-brain barrierthyroid hormonesthyroxine

More Related Videos

Isolation of Cerebral Capillaries from Fresh Human Brain Tissue
06:35

Isolation of Cerebral Capillaries from Fresh Human Brain Tissue

Published on: September 12, 2018

12.8K
Brain Slice Biotinylation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Measure Region-specific Plasma Membrane Protein Trafficking in Adult Neurons
06:18

Brain Slice Biotinylation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Measure Region-specific Plasma Membrane Protein Trafficking in Adult Neurons

Published on: April 3, 2014

13.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Author Spotlight: Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carrier Transporters Using Codon-Optimized Genes
07:10

Author Spotlight: Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carrier Transporters Using Codon-Optimized Genes

Published on: September 29, 2023

3.8K
Isolation of Cerebral Capillaries from Fresh Human Brain Tissue
06:35

Isolation of Cerebral Capillaries from Fresh Human Brain Tissue

Published on: September 12, 2018

12.8K
Brain Slice Biotinylation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Measure Region-specific Plasma Membrane Protein Trafficking in Adult Neurons
06:18

Brain Slice Biotinylation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Measure Region-specific Plasma Membrane Protein Trafficking in Adult Neurons

Published on: April 3, 2014

13.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones are essential for neurological development.
  • The solute carrier (SLC) transporters MCT8 and OATP1C1 facilitate thyroid hormone transport across the blood-brain barrier.
  • Mutations in MCT8 cause Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS), while OATP1C1 deficiency is linked to neurodegeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the structures of MCT8 and OATP1C1 bound to thyroid hormones.
  • To elucidate the distinct mechanisms of thyroid hormone recognition and transport by MCT8 and OATP1C1.
  • To explain the molecular basis of disease-associated mutations.

Main Methods:

  • Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to obtain high-resolution structures.
  • Functional studies to analyze transporter activity.
  • Structural analysis to understand hormone binding and transport.

Main Results:

  • Determined cryo-EM structures of MCT8 and OATP1C1 with triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) at 2.9 and 2.3 Å resolution, respectively.
  • Elucidated distinct mechanisms for thyroid hormone recognition and transport by the two transporters.
  • Identified an extracellular allosteric site in OATP1C1, a novel feature for SLC transporters.
  • Provided structural explanations for disease-causing mutations.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying thyroid hormone transport by MCT8 and OATP1C1.
  • Structural insights explain the pathophysiology of AHDS and OATP1C1 deficiency-related neurological disorders.
  • Findings advance our understanding of thyroid hormone homeostasis and its role in development and disease.