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CDC Directed Funding Improves Foodborne Outbreak Reporting in U.S. States, 2009-2022.

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US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funding for foodborne illness surveillance programs, including FoodCORE, Food Safety CoE, and OBNE, significantly increased outbreak reporting rates. Increased federal support for public health surveillance enhances foodborne illness detection and reporting.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Food Safety Surveillance

Background:

  • The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funds programs to improve foodborne illness outbreak detection and response.
  • Key initiatives include the Foodborne Diseases Centers for Outbreak Response Enhancement (FoodCORE), Integrated Food Safety Centers of Excellence (Food Safety CoE), and OutbreakNet Enhanced (OBNE).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity (ELC) funded foodborne programs on single-state foodborne illness outbreak reporting.
  • To determine the association between ELC funding levels and outbreak reporting rates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the CDC's Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System (FDOSS) from 2009 to 2022.
  • Compared outbreak reporting rates per million population across states based on their participation in ELC-funded programs (No Programs, OBNE, FoodCORE, Food Safety CoE).
  • Analyzed the correlation between average ELC funding and outbreak reporting rates for overall and specific pathogen (Salmonella, E. coli, Listeria) outbreaks.

Main Results:

  • States participating in ELC-funded programs reported foodborne illness outbreaks at higher rates than non-participating states.
  • Average reporting rates per million population were 1.54 (No Programs), 2.40 (OBNE), 3.75 (FoodCORE), and 4.16 (Food Safety CoE).
  • A $1 increase in ELC funding correlated with a 0.88 unit increase in overall outbreak reporting and a 0.14 unit increase in Salmonella, E. coli, and Listeria outbreak reporting.

Conclusions:

  • Overall ELC funding is associated with increased foodborne illness outbreak reporting.
  • Federal investment in public health surveillance infrastructure is crucial for enhancing the detection and reporting of foodborne diseases.