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Lethal Alleles

Lethal Alleles

Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Establishment of a Surgically-induced Model in Mice to Investigate the Protective Role of Progranulin in Osteoarthritis

Establishment of a Surgically-induced Model in Mice to Investigate the Protective Role of Progranulin in Osteoarthritis

Published on: February 25, 2014

Amelogenin Null Mice Develop Osteoarthritis, While Its Application Mitigates Disease Phenotypes in a Rat Model.

Omer Helwa-Shalom¹, Yarden Kahlon-Suki², Shany Ivon Markowitz¹

¹The Inter-Faculty Biotechnology Program, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

|July 19, 2025

Summary

Amelogenin protein deficiency accelerates osteoarthritis development. Recombinant amelogenin (rHAM+) treatment in rats inhibited joint deterioration and promoted cartilage healing, suggesting its potential for osteoarthritis treatment.

Keywords:

amelogenin amelogenin‐null mice cartilage collagen destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM)matrix metalloproteinase 13 osteoarthritis

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Last Updated: May 4, 2026

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Published on: February 25, 2014

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The Monoiodoacetate Model of Osteoarthritis Pain in the Mouse

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Published on: June 2, 2023

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Orthopedics
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Recombinant human amelogenin protein (rHAM+) aids healing of cartilage, bone, and ligaments.
The role of amelogenin in osteoarthritis (OA) development is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of amelogenin in osteoarthritis development and progression.
To evaluate the therapeutic potential of rHAM+ in an induced rat osteoarthritis model.

Main Methods:

Aged amelogenin-null and wild-type mice underwent micro-CT and histological analysis.
Osteoarthritis was induced in rat knees and treated with rHAM+ or placebo.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological analyses assessed OA progression and treatment efficacy.

Main Results:

Amelogenin-null mice showed severe OA features, including cartilage loss and osteophyte formation, unlike wild-type mice.
rHAM+ treatment in rats delayed OA progression, increased type II collagen, and decreased MMP-13 and type X collagen levels.
rHAM+ promoted mesenchymal stem cell recruitment to the cartilage, similar to its effect in acute injuries.

Conclusions:

Amelogenin deficiency promotes osteoarthritis development.
rHAM+ demonstrated disease-modifying potential by inhibiting joint deterioration and promoting partial healing in an OA model.
Amelogenin shows promise as a therapeutic agent for osteoarthritis.