Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hyperthermophilic Bacteria01:21

Hyperthermophilic Bacteria

746
Domain Bacteria includes some unique hyperthermophilic species. They exhibit remarkable adaptations that enable survival in extreme environments.Thermotoga species are rod-shaped, gram-negative, non-sporulating hyperthermophiles that form a sheath-like envelope called a toga. They ferment sugars or starch, producing lactate, acetate, CO₂, and H₂, and can also grow via anaerobic respiration using H₂ and ferric iron. Found in hot springs and hydrothermal vents, over 20% of their...
746
Microbial Mats01:25

Microbial Mats

55
Microbial communities forming biofilms and mats represent complex, spatially structured ecosystems where metabolic processes are stratified according to light, oxygen, and nutrient gradients. Biofilms are initial colonization stages, only a few millimeters thick, while mature microbial mats can reach centimeter-scale thickness and display intricate vertical organization. Their structural and functional heterogeneity allows microorganisms to occupy distinct ecological niches within a few...
55
Bioreactor Design and Operational System01:29

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

90
Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...
90
Bioreactor Controls-I01:28

Bioreactor Controls-I

67
Maintaining optimal conditions within fermenters is essential for maximizing microbial productivity and ensuring process efficiency. This lesson focuses on key parameters—temperature, foam, pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pressure—and their precise measurement and control strategies in fermentation systems.Temperature ControlTemperature regulation is critical due to the exothermic nature of many fermentation processes. In small laboratory fermenters, temperature is commonly...
67
Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

Bioreactor Controls-II

56
In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the...
56

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Assessing the Impact of Water Upflow Velocity on Nitrification in Submerged Aerated Filter.

Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation·2026
Same author

Comparison of NF-RO and RO-NF for the Treatment of Mature Landfill Leachates: A Guide for Landfill Operators.

Membranes·2018
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

A Novel Bioreactor for High Density Cultivation of Diverse Microbial Communities
08:13

A Novel Bioreactor for High Density Cultivation of Diverse Microbial Communities

Published on: December 25, 2015

17.2K

High-Rate Nitrification Using Submerged Aerated Filter at Different Temperatures.

Saquib Sarosh1, Sreenivasan Ramaswami1

  • 1Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation
|July 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated temperature effects on nitrification in submerged aerated filters (SAF), finding stable performance from 15°C to 30°C. SAFs demonstrate robust, high-rate nitrification suitable for diverse climates.

Keywords:
ammonia removalattached growthcold weathercompact processnitrification kineticssubmerged fixed‐bed biofilm reactor

More Related Videos

Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors
07:59

Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors

Published on: December 6, 2018

8.3K
Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
08:05

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

Published on: October 7, 2020

6.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 7, 2026

A Novel Bioreactor for High Density Cultivation of Diverse Microbial Communities
08:13

A Novel Bioreactor for High Density Cultivation of Diverse Microbial Communities

Published on: December 25, 2015

17.2K
Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors
07:59

Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors

Published on: December 6, 2018

8.3K
Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
08:05

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

Published on: October 7, 2020

6.2K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Water Treatment Technologies
  • Biological Wastewater Treatment

Background:

  • Temperature significantly impacts biological nitrification processes.
  • Biofilm reactors generally exhibit better low-temperature tolerance than suspended-growth systems.
  • Fixed-bed reactors like submerged aerated filters (SAFs) offer higher nitrification rates than moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) and are less prone to clogging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of temperature on nitrification performance in a lab-scale nitrifying SAF.
  • To determine the optimal temperature range for SAF nitrification.
  • To compare SAF nitrification rates with other biofilm reactor types.

Main Methods:

  • Operated a lab-scale nitrifying SAF at a volumetric ammonia loading rate (vALR) of approximately 1500 g N·m⁻³·d⁻¹.
  • Tested performance across a temperature range of 9°C to 30°C.
  • Developed a sigmoid function to model the temperature dependency of surface-specific ammonia oxidation rates (sAOR).

Main Results:

  • Surface-specific ammonia and nitrite oxidation rates (sAOR and sNOR) remained stable between 15°C and 30°C.
  • At 10°C, sAOR and sNOR decreased to approximately 1.19 and 0.92 g N·m⁻²·d⁻¹, respectively.
  • Achieved surface-specific nitrification rates comparable to the highest reported for biological aerated filters (BAFs) and at least 2.5 times higher than MBBRs.

Conclusions:

  • SAFs provide robust and efficient high-rate nitrification across a wide temperature range (15°C-30°C).
  • The developed sigmoid model accurately predicts the temperature effect on sAOR in SAFs.
  • SAFs are a promising technology for nitrification in tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates due to their high efficiency and stability.