Perspectives on exercise among individuals with metastatic bone disease and multiple myeloma: a qualitative interview...

While metastatic bone disease (MBD) and multiple myeloma (MM) are two distinct conditions, both can cause destructive bone lesions which increase the risk of pathologic fractures. This fear of fractures and bone pain can influence a person's attitudes toward physical activity (PA). The objective of this study was to identify the attitudes and needs related to PA among individuals with MBD and MM.

A phenomenological qualitative study utilizing a pragmatic approach to thematic analysis within a patient-oriented research framework was utilized. Semi-structured interview questions and thematic analysis using the 7-stage Framework Method were utilized.

Twenty volunteers (90% male) with MBD (n = 16, 80%) and MM (n = 4, 20%) diagnosed within 2-66 months of the study participated. Half did not report any bone pain, with none experiencing severe bone pain and eight (40%) experiencing pain specifically with movement. Most engaged in physical activities of various intensities, although 25% were considered sedentary. The majority of participants recognized the value of PA as a contributor to their health and QoL. Five major themes emerged from the interviews including "Meaning of PA," "Support for PA in Cancer," "Motivators to engage in PA," "Barriers causing a reduction in PA post diagnosis," and "PA program preferences."

Individuals with MBD and MM want and do engage in regular PA, although differences in the frequency and intensity exist. While there is no "one-size-fits-all" approach, those with MBD and MM are interested in some form of exercise program as part of their cancer care. Supporting these individuals to surmount their PA barriers is essential for them to reap the comprehensive benefits of PA encompassing all aspects of well-being.