The association between self-reported substance use and work schedule characteristics among nurses: A cross-sectional...

Area of Science:

• Nursing Research
• Occupational Health
• Public Health

Background:

• Adverse work schedules are linked to negative health outcomes in nurses, including substance use.
• The COVID-19 pandemic heightened concerns about nurse wellness and patient safety due to potential substance use related to demanding schedules.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between specific work schedule characteristics and various types of substance use among registered nurses.
• To quantify the relationship between adverse work schedules and the odds of substance use in the nursing population.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional survey study was conducted with 1170 registered nurses across 9 U.S. states.
• Data were collected via a mixed-mode survey assessing adverse work schedules (Work Schedule Index) and past-year substance use (illicit drugs, nicotine, alcohol, energy drinks, caffeine, prescription drugs).
• Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and age-adjusted logistic regression to determine associations between work schedule levels and substance use.

Main Results:

• Nearly half of the nurses reported using at least one substance in the past year.
• Adverse schedules (non-day shifts, long hours, short breaks, full-time) correlated positively with substance use.
• Higher adverse work schedule levels were significantly associated with increased odds of illicit drug use, high alcohol intake, and high caffeine consumption.

Conclusions:

• Adverse work schedules may drive nurses to use substances for alertness or coping, posing risks to their health and patient safety.
• Implementing strategies to mitigate adverse work schedules is essential to support nurses and ensure quality patient care.