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Glyphosate behavior in rice paddy fields across different rotation systems.

Beatriz Alonso Vignola1, Angel Manuel Segura2, Lucía Pareja3

  • 1Departamento de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Centro Universitario Regional del Este, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.

The Science of the Total Environment
|July 19, 2025
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Summary

Agricultural intensification impacts herbicide persistence. Rice-pasture systems showed lower glyphosate residues than continuous rice or rice-soybean rotations, suggesting more sustainable practices.

Keywords:
AMPAGlyphosateHerbicidesIntensificationRiceSustainability

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Agronomy
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • Intensified irrigated rice production necessitates evaluating pesticide environmental impacts.
  • Glyphosate (GLY) and its metabolite aminophosphonic acid (AMPA) are widely used herbicides.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the behavior and persistence of glyphosate (GLY) and aminophosphonic acid (AMPA) in irrigated rice production systems.
  • To assess the influence of different agricultural intensification scenarios on herbicide fate.

Main Methods:

  • Long-term experimental (LTE) site with four rice rotations: continuous rice (RC), rice-soybean (R-S), rice-short term pasture (R-PS), and rice-long term pasture (R-PL).
  • Glyphosate applied twice in all rotations; soil and floodwater sampled to determine GLY and AMPA concentrations and decay rates.
  • First-order exponential decay and kinetic models used to analyze degradation.

Main Results:

  • Glyphosate and AMPA levels were influenced by application timing and frequency, but not decay rates.
  • Glyphosate soil half-life (DT50) was 31.5 days during the non-flooded phase and 5.3 days in floodwater.
  • AMPA showed slower decay in floodwater (DT50 ≈ 7.4 days).
  • Rice-pasture rotations (R-PS, R-PL) exhibited lower GLY residues compared to RC and R-S systems.

Conclusions:

  • Land use intensification scenarios significantly affect background GLY levels in soil.
  • Rice-pasture based rotations offer a potentially more sustainable approach by reducing herbicide residues.
  • Findings inform sustainable agricultural and water management practices in rice production.