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Related Concept Videos

Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

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In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
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Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
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Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Determination of Self- and Inter-incompatibility Relationships in Apricot Combining Hand-Pollination, Microscopy and Genetic Analyses
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Searching for genes determining the APR phenotype in rye.

Joanna Szewińska1, Mateusz Matuszkiewicz2, Monika Rakoczy-Trojanowska3

  • 1Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland.

BMC Plant Biology
|July 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adult-plant resistance (APR) in rye against leaf rust (LR) is poorly understood. Researchers identified ScLr_ABC25 as a potential gene conferring APR to LR in rye, suggesting a unique resistance mechanism.

Keywords:
Puccinia recondita f. sp. secalisSecale cerealeABC transportersAdult plant resistanceLeaf rustPhylogenetic analysisSugar transporters

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Molecular Genetics
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Adult-plant resistance (APR) is a crucial genetic defense mechanism in cereals against pathogens like leaf rust (LR).
  • Understanding the molecular basis of APR in rye is limited, despite its known presence.
  • Recent discoveries identified numerous ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and sugar transporter gene variants in the rye transcriptome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify genes in rye responsible for APR to leaf rust (LR).
  • To investigate sequence similarity to known wheat APR genes (Lr34 and Lr67) and gene expression profiles in infected rye seedlings.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of rye ABC and sugar transporter genes (ScLr_ABC, ScLr_SUG) for similarity to wheat Lr34 and Lr67.
  • Analysis of gene expression profiles in rye seedlings infected with LR.
  • Comparison of sequence and expression data to identify potential APR determinants.

Main Results:

  • Phylogenetic analysis indicated a lack of direct polymorphisms conferring APR in wheat-like genes.
  • ScLr_SUG1 (putative Lr67 ortholog) and ScLr_ABC25 (structurally similar to Lr34) were identified as potential candidates for APR in rye.
  • Only the ScLr_ABC25 gene showed a clear association with APR-type immunity against LR in rye.

Conclusions:

  • This study is the first to explore genetic determinants of APR to LR in common rye.
  • The molecular mechanism of APR in rye appears distinct from that in wheat and barley.
  • The ScLr_ABC25 gene offers a promising target for developing molecular breeding programs for rye APR to LR.