Prostate cancer in Türkiye: Trend analysis of incidence and mortality rates

Prostate cancer is a significant global health concern, with substantial regional variations in incidence and mortality rates. In Türkiye, it's the second most common cancer and fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men. This study aims to analyze trends in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates in Türkiye. Prostate cancer trends in Türkiye is analyzed by using data of incidence from Türkiye Cancer Statistics Reports and mortality from TurkStat. Trends in incidence and mortality rates were analyzed using Joinpoint regression, evaluating average annual percentage changes and annual percentage change (APC). From 2004 to 2018, age-standardized prostate cancer incidence rate increased from 24.9 to 40.3 per 100,000, with the highest in aged 75 and older. The Annual Average Percentage Change (AAPC) was 2.6%[CI, 1.1 to 4.3] overall, with specific rates of 2.3% [CI, 0.5 to 3.5] in the 50-54 and -1.9% [CI, -3.7 to -0.1] in the 80-84 age group. The APC was 9.2% [CI, 3.6 to 24.8] from 2004 to 2008. From 2016-2018, APCs in 50-54 and 60-64 age groups are 13.4% [CI, 3.6 to 20.4] and 13.7% [CI, 0.4 to 23.6], respectively. Mortality rate ranged from 7.3 to 9.2 per 100,000 from 2009 to 2022, with a 4.9% [CI, 2.1 to 11.6] increase in 2009-2014 and a 1.9%-1.9%[CI, 4.4 to -0.6] decrease in 2014-2022. The incidence rate of prostate cancer in Türkiye increased until 2008, but then stabilised with the rates rising at the age of 50-54 and decreasing at the age of 80-84 years. Mortality rates initially increased but declined in the last 8 years. Further research is needed to explore factors influencing these trends.