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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Author Spotlight: Engineering Molecular Tools for Disease Detection and Imaging
04:33

Author Spotlight: Engineering Molecular Tools for Disease Detection and Imaging

Published on: December 8, 2023

997

A capacitance biosensor for prostate cancer detection via normalised urinary extracellular vesicles.

Khageephun Permpoka1, Phuritat Kaewarsa1, Wattanai Paekoh2

  • 1Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|July 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

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A new electrochemical biosensor detects prostate cancer biomarkers in urine extracellular vesicles (EVs) quickly and reliably. This non-invasive tool offers a promising advancement for early cancer diagnosis using a simple, reagent-free method.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial for intercellular communication and emerging as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis.
  • Urine-based EV detection offers a less invasive alternative to blood tests, but faces challenges in quantitation due to low concentrations and lack of standardization.
  • Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis can be improved with reliable, non-invasive detection methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a capacitance-based electrochemical biosensor for sensitive and reagent-free detection of EVs in urine.
  • To quantify specific EV markers, CD63 (generic exosome marker) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA, PCa marker).
  • To validate the sensor's performance and assess its potential for non-invasive PCa diagnosis.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
CapacitanceExosome biosensorPSMAProstate cancerrGO/MoS(2)

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  • Fabrication of screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) modified with reduced graphene oxide and molybdenum disulfide (rGO/MoS2).
  • Self-assembly of thiolated CD63 and PSMA aptamers onto the modified electrodes for specific EV capture.
  • Utilizing capacitance-based electrochemical detection (non-Faradaic impedance) for sensitive, reagent-free analysis.
  • Testing with isolated urinary EV samples and comparison with commercial PSMA ELISA.

Main Results:

  • The biosensor achieved low detection limits for PSMA and CD63 (4.83 × 10^2 and 1.47 × 10^3 EV/μL, respectively) without signal amplification.
  • Results were obtained rapidly (10 minutes) using a small sample volume (10 μL).
  • Sensor results showed strong correlation with commercial PSMA ELISA, and the PSMA/urine creatinine ratio effectively differentiated PCa patients from healthy controls.

Conclusions:

  • The developed capacitance-based electrochemical biosensor offers a simple, fast, and reliable method for detecting urinary EVs.
  • This reagent-free approach holds significant potential for improving non-invasive prostate cancer diagnosis.
  • The sensor's high sensitivity and ease of use make it suitable for point-of-care applications.