Cholesterol-to-lymphocyte ratio (CLR)-based nomogram as a prognostic tool in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a large-scale
Jing Yuan1, Wei-Qiong Ni2, Yong-Miao Lin1
1State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
Background:
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent malignancy characterized by variable outcomes, even after standardized treatment protocols. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) staging system has proven limited in its ability to predict survival, which highlights the necessity for the discovery of new biomarkers.
Methods:
This study was a retrospective analysis of 842 NPC patients who received platinum-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). The cholesterol-to-lymphocyte ratio (CLR) was calculated and evaluated as a potential prognostic factor. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to pinpoint independent prognostic variables. Furthermore, CLR-based nomograms were developed and assessed for its predictive accuracy.
Results:
Low CLR (≤ 3.06) was significantly linked to both improved overall survival (OS; HR = 0.640, 95% CI 0.473-0.866, P < 0.001)and progression-free survival (PFS; HR = 0.754, 95% CI 0.586-0.970, P = 0.028). Multivariate analysis confirmed CLR as an independent prognostic factor for OS (but only in univariate analysis for PFS). Additionally, age, tumor stage, nodal stage, and body mass index were independently associated with both OS and PFS in multivariate analysis. The CLR-based nomogram showed superior discriminative performance compared to the traditional staging system, with higher C-indices for both OS(0.668 vs 0.635) and PFS (0.655 vs 0.625).
Conclusions:
CLR stands as an independent prognostic factor for NPC patients undergoing CCRT. The CLR-based nomogram (incorporating five independent prognostic factors: age, T stage, N stage, BMI, and CLR) provides a tailored approach to predicting survival, enabling healthcare providers to adjust treatment strategies in accordance with individual risk profiles. Further validation of these findings in external cohorts is necessary, as well as exploration of CLR's clinical utility in directing treatment decisions.
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