Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Optimal Arousal Theory01:23

Optimal Arousal Theory

299
The optimal arousal theory suggests that performance is maximized when an individual experiences a moderate level of arousal. This theory is closely tied to the Yerkes-Dodson law, which illustrates an inverted U-shaped relationship between arousal and performance. The law, formulated by psychologists Robert Yerkes and John Dodson, implies an ideal arousal level for optimal performance, and deviations from this level can lead to declines in effectiveness.
Inverted U-Shaped Performance Curve
The...
299
Physiology of Emotion01:20

Physiology of Emotion

1.4K
The physiology of emotions is a multifaceted process involving the autonomic nervous system, brain structures, hormones, and neurotransmitters. This intricate interplay dictates how emotions manifest in the body and influence behavior.
Autonomic Nervous System
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a critical role in emotional responses by regulating involuntary physiological functions. It consists of two main components: the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic system...
1.4K
Sympathetic Activation01:16

Sympathetic Activation

5.7K
The sympathetic division can influence tissues and organs by releasing norepinephrine at peripheral synapses and distributing epinephrine and norepinephrine through the bloodstream. In times of crisis or stress, sympathetic activation occurs, which is regulated by sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus. As a result, sympathetic activation prepares the body for physical exertion, rapid ATP production, and heightened alertness, allowing individuals to respond effectively to challenging or...
5.7K
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

593
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
593
Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

Physiological Foundation of Stress

160
Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
160
Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion01:20

Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion

598
Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, which emphasizes the interplay between physiological arousal and cognitive labeling in forming emotional experiences. This theory suggests that emotions are not simply a result of physiological responses but rather a combination of these responses and the individual's cognitive interpretation of them.
Physiological Arousal and Cognitive Labeling
According to this theory, when an individual experiences...
598

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of Exercise Duration and Intensity on Maximal Exercise Capacity Over 6 Months in Coronary Heart Disease and Type 2 Diabetes-A Secondary Analysis of the LeIKDTrial.

Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports·2026
Same author

Cost-effectiveness of digitally enabled cardiac rehabilitation: progress, promise, and persisting questions.

European journal of preventive cardiology·2025
Same author

Cardiovascular disease prevention and management in COVID-19: a clinical consensus statement of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology, the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing & Allied Professions, the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions, and the Heart Failure Association of the ESC.

European journal of preventive cardiology·2025
Same author

Multimodal management of the cardiometabolic syndrome: the essential triad of nutrition, exercise, and obesity-specific pharmacotherapy to reduce cardiovascular risk.

European journal of preventive cardiology·2025
Same author

Withstand Context: Standing Posture Improves Contextual Cueing in Challenging Visual Search.

Psychophysiology·2025
Same author

Effects of exercise training on nitric oxide metabolites in heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction: a secondary analysis of the SMARTEX-HF and OptimEx-Clin trials.

European journal of preventive cardiology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 14, 2025

An Instrumented Pull Test to Characterize Postural Responses
12:18

An Instrumented Pull Test to Characterize Postural Responses

Published on: April 6, 2019

10.9K

Withstand control: standing posture differentially affects space-based and feature-based cognitive control through

Nuno Busch1,2, Artyom Zinchenko3, Martin Halle4,5

  • 1School of Management, Technische Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany. nuno.busch@tum.de.

Scientific Reports
|July 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Standing posture may not improve attention but enhances spatial cognitive control by increasing physiological arousal, as measured by heart rate variability (HRV). This finding suggests posture

Keywords:
ArousalAttentional controlBody postureCognitive controlExecutive functionHRVInhibitionSit-stand desk

More Related Videos

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance
08:17

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Published on: July 19, 2017

7.6K
Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control
08:12

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control

Published on: September 11, 2019

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 14, 2025

An Instrumented Pull Test to Characterize Postural Responses
12:18

An Instrumented Pull Test to Characterize Postural Responses

Published on: April 6, 2019

10.9K
Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance
08:17

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Published on: July 19, 2017

7.6K
Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control
08:12

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control

Published on: September 11, 2019

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Physiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Previous research on posture and cognitive control yielded inconsistent results.
  • Individual fitness factors (BMI, physical activity, cardiac measures) were often overlooked.
  • The influence of standing on spatial cognitive control remained largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of standing posture on cognitive control, specifically Stroop (distractor interference) and Navon (spatial conflict) tasks.
  • To examine the role of physiological arousal, indexed by heart rate variability (HRV), in mediating posture-related cognitive effects.
  • To control for individual fitness characteristics to resolve inconsistencies in prior findings.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-six healthy adults performed Stroop and Navon tasks in both sitting and standing postures.
  • Physiological arousal was monitored using heart rate variability (HRV).
  • Individual fitness factors were measured and controlled for.

Main Results:

  • Standing posture did not affect Stroop interference.
  • Standing posture significantly improved spatial conflict processing in the Navon task.
  • The improvement in spatial conflict processing was fully mediated by reduced HRV, indicating increased physiological arousal.

Conclusions:

  • Posture's influence on cognitive control is task-specific, not a unified attentional effect.
  • Increased physiological arousal from standing enhances spatial cognitive processing.
  • Simple postural changes like standing may offer practical benefits for cognitive function in sedentary populations.