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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Electrogravimetric analysis measures the weight of an analyte deposited electrolytically onto a suitable working electrode. This method involves applying a potential to a pre-weighed electrode submerged in a solution, which results in the desired substance being deposited through reduction at the cathode or oxidation at the anode. The electrode's weight is recorded after deposition, and the difference in weight gives the analyte's weight in the solution.
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Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
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Gas Evolution Analysis of Sulfide-Based All-Solid-State Li-Ion Battery.

Wenbin Tu1,2, Yonghui Zhao1, Jiyuan Xue1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China.

Nano Letters
|July 21, 2025
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Summary

Researchers investigated gas evolution in sulfide-based solid-state lithium-ion batteries. They found that interfacial degradation releases harmful gases like H2S, challenging the assumed safety of these high-energy batteries.

Keywords:
gas evolutionin situ mass spectroscopysolid−solid interfacesulfide-based solid-state electrolytethermal runway

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries with Ni-rich cathodes offer high capacity and safety.
  • However, unstable interfaces between sulfide electrolytes and Ni-rich cathodes cause side reactions, leading to capacity fade and safety concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate gas evolution during electrochemical cycling and thermal runaway in sulfide-based solid-state batteries.
  • To understand how electrolyte stability, temperature, and fabrication parameters influence interfacial degradation.

Main Methods:

  • In situ mass spectrometry was employed to monitor gas evolution.
  • Electrochemical performance and thermal runaway scenarios were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Dominant gaseous byproducts (H2S, O2, CO2, SO2) were identified during operation.
  • Thermal runaway generated sulfur allotropes, indicating potential safety risks.
  • Interfacial degradation mechanisms were linked to operational and fabrication parameters.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals significant gas evolution and potential safety hazards in sulfide-based solid-state batteries, challenging assumptions of inherent safety.
  • Provides critical insights and evaluation methods for designing safer, high-energy batteries with improved electrolyte and cathode materials.