Barrier Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Natural Compounds as Modulators in Immune Function and Disease

Tissue-Resident Macrophages (TRMs) are essential cells of the immune system, strategically located in barrier tissues such as the skin, lungs, and intestines. They can originate from progenitor cells in the yolk sac and fetal liver, developing distinct features that enable them to respond effectively to local challenges and maintain tissue homeostasis. The functional plasticity of TRMs allows them to adapt to diverse microenvironments, facilitating their roles in tissue repair, inflammation, and immune surveillance. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of Natural Compounds (NCs) to modulate macrophage function, offering promising therapeutic strategies for managing inflammatory diseases. These compounds have been shown to enhance or suppress specific macrophage activities, influencing immune responses and promoting healing processes. This review highlights the importance of understanding TRMs and the role of natural compounds in modulating TRM activation and function. Deciphering the potential of NCs in macrophages may shed light on the development of innovative treatments for various immune-related diseases.