Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Microfluidic high-throughput optimization enables scalable synthesis of high-entropy fluorophosphate cathode.

National science review·2026
Same author

Covalent Bonds Reinforced Strength and Modulus of Heterocyclic Aramid Fiber by Interfacial Aminated-MXene Nanosheets.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Accelerated discovery of highly active enzyme nanohybrids with parallelized Bayesian optimization in hybrid space.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Flow-Chemistry Based Green Synthesis of Graphene Oxide at Minutes Timescale.

Small methods·2024
Same author

Microfluidic Synthesis of Multifunctional Micro-/Nanomaterials from Process Intensification: Structural Engineering to High Electrochemical Energy Storage.

ACS nano·2024
Same author

Ionic Polymerization-Based Synthesis of Bioinspired Adhesive Hydrogel Microparticles with Tunable Morphologies from Microfluidics.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
08:12

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Published on: September 8, 2017

9.7K

Autonomous De Novo Lead Halide CsPbBr3 Perovskite Quantum Dots Synthesis Platform With Transfer Learning Accelerated

Haoyang Hu1, Huiqing Wang1, Xintong Huang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Low-carbon Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|July 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Self-driving labs with artificial intelligence and flow chemistry accelerate functional material synthesis. A new system autonomously creates high-quality quantum dots (QDs) with precise fluorescent properties, requiring minimal experiments.

Keywords:
autonomous synthesisbayesian optimizationligand‐assisted reprecipitation (LARP)quantum dotstransfer learning

More Related Videos

Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications
07:42

Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications

Published on: January 22, 2019

11.2K
Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation
04:14

Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation

Published on: October 1, 2019

13.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
08:12

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Published on: September 8, 2017

9.7K
Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications
07:42

Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications

Published on: January 22, 2019

11.2K
Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation
04:14

Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation

Published on: October 1, 2019

13.1K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Traditional material synthesis relies on expert-driven methods, which can be time-consuming and inefficient.
  • Emerging self-driving laboratories offer an autonomous paradigm for enhanced research and development (R&D).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an autonomous system for the on-demand synthesis of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) quantum dots (QDs).
  • To improve the R&D efficiency of functional material synthesis using artificial intelligence and flow chemistry.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a micro Transfer learning accelerated Bayesian Optimization driven reaction System (µTRBOS).
  • Utilizing Ligand-Assisted RePrecipitation (LARP) method for QD synthesis.
  • Implementing autonomous operation without human supervision.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized high-quality CsPbBr3 QDs with user-specified emission wavelengths (455-505 nm) and <2 nm error.
  • Achieved autonomous synthesis of QDs with particle sizes ranging from 2.5 to 7.4 nm.
  • Optimized synthetic conditions in fewer than six experiments on average, leveraging transfer learning.

Conclusions:

  • The µTRBOS system demonstrates efficient and autonomous synthesis of functional materials.
  • Transfer learning significantly reduces the number of experiments needed for optimization.
  • Optimal conditions highlight the complex role of temperature in the LARP method for QD synthesis.