Multi-metallic nanoparticles: synthesis and their catalytic applications

Multi-metallic nanoparticles (MMNPs) have recently garnered significant interest due to their inclusion of different metal atoms within a single nanostructure. The interactions among these metal atoms induce novel properties in MMNPs, making them an ideal platform for exploring the complex interplay between structure and properties, particularly in terms of catalytic properties. This review summarizes recent advancements in the synthesis and catalytic studies of MMNPs. It begins by outlining the synthesis of MMNPs with well-defined structures, including solid solutions, intermetallics, composite core/shell structures, heterodimers, and high-entropy alloys. These MMNPs exhibit unique electronic and surface properties that are crucial for enhancing catalysis. Using representative examples, the review further highlights the promising applications of MMNPs in catalyzing important chemical reactions related to energy conversion and green chemistry, achieving high reaction efficiencies. Finally, the review discusses strategies for attaining atomic precision in the synthesis of MMNPs and optimizing their catalytic performance for a broader range of chemical reactions.