Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 14, 2025
09:46
Synthesis of Plant Phenol-derived Polymeric Dyes for Direct or Mordant-based Hair Dyeing
Published on: December 1, 2016
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Comprehensive Review of Hair Dyes: Physicochemical Aspects, Classification, Toxicity, Detection, and Treatment
João Carlos de Souza1,2, Elisa Raquel Anastácio Ferraz Avelino3, Guilherme Garcia Bessegato4
1Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences, and Letters at Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), Department of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP),Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State 14040-901, Brazil.
ACS Omega
|July 21, 2025
Summary
This review examines hair dye properties, toxicity, and detection, covering natural and synthetic types. It highlights health risks from ingredients like p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and environmental impacts, suggesting sustainable solutions.
Area of Science:
- Cosmetic Science
- Environmental Science
- Toxicology
Background:
- Hair dyes have evolved from natural pigments to complex synthetic formulations, impacting culture and identity.
- Contemporary hair dye technologies present persistent environmental and health challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of hair dyes, covering their properties, classification, toxicity, detection, and treatment.
- To synthesize 20 years of literature on hair dye impacts and sustainable practices.
Main Methods:
- Categorization of hair dyes into vegetable, mineral, and synthetic (temporary, semipermanent, permanent) types.
- Evaluation of toxicological concerns, focusing on p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and derivatives.
- Assessment of analytical detection methods (chromatography, spectrophotometry) and environmental treatment strategies (AOPs, bioremediation).
Main Results:
- Hair dyes encompass diverse types with varying durability and application methods.
- Specific ingredients like PPD pose significant acute and chronic health risks.
- Effective analytical and treatment methods exist for hair dye detection and environmental mitigation.
Conclusions:
- Hair dyes offer cultural significance but pose considerable health and environmental risks.
- Sustainable practices and further research are crucial for mitigating adverse effects.
- A balanced perspective on benefits and risks is essential for future development.
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