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Four Principles of Transformative Adaptation to Climate Change-Exacerbated Hazards in Informal Settlements.

Ben C Howard¹, Simon Moulds², Samuel Agyei-Mensah³

¹Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Climate Change

|July 21, 2025

Summary

Transformative adaptation, integrating social justice, offers a pathway to climate resilience in informal settlements. This approach, while challenging, is achievable and crucial for equitable adaptation strategies.

Keywords:

climate change adaptation disaster risk reduction informal settlements sustainable development transformative adaptation

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Area of Science:

Climate Change Adaptation
Urban Planning
Social Justice

Background:

Urban informal settlements face disproportionate climate change risks.
Traditional adaptation strategies are insufficient for sustainable and equitable risk reduction.
Transformative adaptation integrates social justice with climate resilience.

Purpose of the Study:

To clarify how transformative adaptation can be implemented in urban informal settlements.
To identify foundational principles for transformative adaptation in these contexts.
To address challenges and propose practical pathways for achieving transformative adaptation.

Main Methods:

Focus article synthesizing existing knowledge and proposing a framework.
Identification of four foundational principles for transformative adaptation.
Definition of achievement levels and practical implementation strategies.

Main Results:

Context-specific challenges exist but do not preclude transformative adaptation.
Four core principles are foundational for its deployment in informal settlements.
Practical strategies and achievement levels can guide implementation.

Conclusions:

Transformative adaptation is achievable in informal settlements despite complexities.
It presents a significant opportunity to accelerate adaptation and build societal resilience.
Integrating social justice is key to effective and equitable climate adaptation.