Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
Published on: September 27, 2020
Does planning and arranging individualized supports for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities
James R Thompson1, Virginia L Walker2, Sarah R Carlson3
1University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
Abstract:
Educator teams consisting of a general education teacher and a special education teacher were recruited to participate in a project where they used the Systematic Supports Planning Process to plan, implement, and monitor individualized supports for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) attending general education classrooms. Educators completed a survey before and after the project where they assessed their confidence in applying Universal Design for Learning (UDL) principles and provided examples of how they applied UDL principles in their classrooms. Although quantitative responses indicated the confidence levels of general education teachers and special education teachers increased following participation in the project, qualitative findings were mixed regarding specific actions that demonstrated how UDL principles were applied. The implications for future research and professional development on UDL and arranging individualized supports in general education classrooms for students with IDD are discussed.
Related Concept Videos
Learning Disabilities
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Intellectual Disability
Environmental Influences on Intelligence
Multiple Intelligences Theory
Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching I: Assessment and Diagnosis
It is critical to determine the patient's learning needs during the assessment. Determination of learning needs compounds data...
Ryan and Deci's Self-Determination Theory
Autonomy is the need to feel in control of one's actions and decisions. For example, a student who chooses their research topic is likely to be more engaged and motivated than one who...

