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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis
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Bladder exstrophy: navigating long-term outcomes.

Morgan Victoria Town1, Katherine Jina Kim1, Amelia Vu1

  • 1Department of Urology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA.

Translational Andrology and Urology
|July 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Bladder exstrophy (BE) repair requires lifelong management, focusing on surgical outcomes, complications, and quality of life. Multidisciplinary care is essential for patients with this rare condition.

Keywords:
Bladder exstrophy (BE)long term outcomesquality of life (QoL)

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Area of Science:

  • Genitourinary reconstructive surgery
  • Congenital malformations
  • Urology

Background:

  • Bladder exstrophy (BE) is a rare congenital condition within the exstrophy-epispadias complex.
  • Management traditionally focuses on voiding function but requires a broader scope.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on bladder exstrophy repair procedures.
  • To summarize complications, long-term management, and quality of life.
  • To emphasize the need for multidisciplinary and lifelong care.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar.
  • Thematic organization of findings on complications and management.
  • Synthesis of existing data on bladder exstrophy.

Main Results:

  • Modern staged repair and complete primary reconstruction are key procedures.
  • Common complications and their management strategies are identified.
  • Sexual health, fertility, and quality of life are critical long-term considerations.

Conclusions:

  • Lifelong, multidisciplinary care is crucial for bladder exstrophy patients.
  • Standardized long-term management protocols are needed.
  • Research is essential to improve outcomes and quality of life for individuals with BE.