The Incidence of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy Following Computed Tomography and Associated Risk Factors

Introduction: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common adverse effect of imaging using intravenous contrast media. In this study, we aimed to retrospectively investigate the incidence of CIN following contrast media administration and determine the significant risk factor. Methods: This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in Firoozgar Hospital in Tehran during 2019 to 2020. A total of 160 patients who underwent computed tomography (CT-scan) with IV contrast in the mentioned time period were enrolled in the study. The main dependent variable was serum creatinine level after exposure to contrast which was measured in the following 48-96 h after imaging. Independent variables such as patients' demographics (age and sex), patients' comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, liver failure, and anemia), periprocedural details (hydration procedure, hemoglobin level, hematocrit, serum creatinine level, and glomerular filtration rate prior to exposure to contrast), and patients' drug history were collected by reviewing their medical reports. Results: A total of 14 patients (8.8%) developed CIN, forming the CIN-positive group. The remaining patients, who did not develop CIN, were categorized as the CIN-negative group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age or gender. Conclusion: 8.8% of patients developed CIN following contrast administration. Among risk factors, the only effectual risk factor was the initial serum creatinine level.