Temperature string device (TSD): A new low-cost instrument for sea ice observations in remote areas

Warmer conditions in the Arctic regions are causing sea ice to melt. Sea ice plays critical roles in reflecting solar radiation, mitigating heat absorption and slowing temperature rise. However, the reduction in annual sea ice formation, driven by rising temperatures, contributes to a positive feedback loop that accelerates further warming. This underscores the importance of monitoring seasonal sea ice growth. To address this need, a Temperature String Device has been developed. This innovative, low-cost, compact, and customizable solution is designed for easy deployment, requiring just one person or even a robot for non-human deployment. The device measures temperature throughout the sea ice and transmits data in real-time to the cloud, enabling immediate analysis to estimate sea ice thickness. Its default configuration collects 30 data points over a 3-meter depth at 30-minute intervals and remains operational for up to one year. Its affordability allows production of multiple units, enabling widespread deployment and enhancing spatial resolution. Furthermore, its suitability for robotic deployments makes it ideal for remote, inaccessible locations, facilitating simultaneous monitoring.