Multimodal assessment of acute stress dynamics using an aversive video paradigm (AVP)

This study explored the efficacy of inducing stress through aversive video clips and investigated its impact on psychological processes, brain, and vegetative physiology. This study had a randomized, single-blinded, crossover design, where 78 right-handed male participants were exposed to aversive or neutral video clips in separate sessions. Subjective feelings of stress were assessed via questionnaires. Electroencephalography (EEG) with 62 electrodes was recorded continuously. EEG power and connectivity changes based on coherence were analyzed. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) data were obtained during the whole experiment, and saliva was collected for cortisol and cytokine analysis at different time intervals. Subjective data showed increased anxiety and negative affect induced by the aversive video clips, accompanied by elevated salivary cortisol levels after exposure to the stressful clips and decreased HRV. Cytokine levels, however, increased over time in both control and stress conditions, which argues against a stress-specific alteration of cytokines in this specific stress protocol. EEG alterations during stress induction suggest a possible disruption of top-down control and increased bottom-up processing, in line with previous literature. These results suggest that the aversive video paradigm (AVP) is a reliable technique to induce psychological stress in a controlled experimental setting and is associated with stress-specific emotional and physiological changes.