Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Comparison of Three Clinical Stereoscopic Methods for Measuring Binocular Visual Function During Amblyopic Treatment in Unilateral Amblyopia
06:19

Comparison of Three Clinical Stereoscopic Methods for Measuring Binocular Visual Function During Amblyopic Treatment in Unilateral Amblyopia

Published on: September 27, 2024

301

Childhood amblyopia in a tertiary eye care center in western India

Jai A Kelkar1, Harsh H Jain2, Aditya S Kelkar2

  • 1Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology, National Institute of Ophthalmology, Pune 411005, India.

International Journal of Ophthalmology
|July 21, 2025
PubMed

Insights

This study found refractive errors are the most common cause of childhood amblyopia in India. Early detection and treatment significantly improve best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in children.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Ophthalmology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Childhood amblyopia is a leading cause of preventable visual impairment in children.
  • Understanding the demographics and treatment outcomes in diverse populations is crucial for effective public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the demographic profile, clinical features, and treatment results of childhood amblyopia.
  • To identify the primary causes and evaluate the effectiveness of various therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective longitudinal study of 1382 children (≤12 years) was conducted.
  • Data collected included patient demographics, amblyopia etiology, treatment modalities, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) changes.
  • The National Institute of OphthalMology AmBlyopia StUdy in Indian Paediatric EyeS (NIMBUS) Study data was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Refractive errors (73.2%) were the most frequent cause of amblyopia, followed by strabismus (7.3%) and anisometropia (6.8%).
  • Glasses (74.4%) were the primary treatment, with significant BCVA improvement observed from 0.85 to 0.55 logMAR after treatment (P<0.001).
  • All etiologies showed BCVA gain, with refractive errors demonstrating better outcomes compared to strabismus, cataracts, and ptosis.

Conclusions:

  • Refractive errors are the predominant cause of amblyopia in this Indian cohort.
  • Timely diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and consistent follow-up are essential for improving visual outcomes in pediatric amblyopia.
  • The findings highlight the importance of early screening and intervention programs.
Abstract

Keywords:
amblyopiaepidemiologyocular morbiditiespatternpediatricprevalencerefractive errorwestern India

More Related Videos

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games06:25

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games

Published on: January 14, 2020

14.5K
Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients07:06

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

2.7K

Related Concept Videos

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
691
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
577
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
771
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
3.2K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
6.5K