College Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Cervical Cancer Prevention in India

Cervical cancer, primarily caused by persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus, is a preventable disease. In India, it remains one of the most common cancers among women, despite significant declines in developed countries due to vaccination efforts.

This college-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Deoghar, Eastern India, among 1,156 students (1,100 from general colleges and 56 from a nursing college). A structured, self-administered questionnaire assessed socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer and vaccination.

The median age of participants was 19 years; most were female (92.2%), Hindu (91.9%), from general academic streams (95.2%), and from rural areas (65.7%). The median knowledge score was 5 (interquartile range (IQR): 2-7). Higher scores were seen among students aged 20-21 years (p = 0.033), rural residents (p = 0.001), Muslims (p = 0.009), and nursing students (p = 0.001). Those advised by healthcare providers (p < 0.001), who believed the vaccine prevents cervical cancer (p < 0.001), and who were unconcerned about side effects (p < 0.001) also had higher knowledge. Only 2.6% were vaccinated, and they had significantly higher scores (p < 0.001). Lack of awareness (46.6%) was the most cited barrier. The internet (52.1%) and healthcare workers (22.8%) were the main information sources.

Although basic awareness exists, significant knowledge gaps and low vaccine uptake remain. Enhanced education, active involvement of healthcare providers, and state-led vaccination campaigns are essential to improve prevention efforts.